Gender

See also Sexuality. Please add to this list!

Ackelsberg, Martha A.(2010) Resisting Citizenship: Feminist Essays on Politics, Community and Democracy New York: Routledge.

  • <– Collected essays from the past 25 years. Includes many of those listed below.

– – – (1988). “Anarchist Revolution and Women’s Liberation.” Society 25.2: 29-37.

– – – (1984). Community and Empowerment: Lessons From Mujeres Libres. Cambridge, MA: Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute, Radcliffe College.

– – – (1987). “Contexts of Revolution: Sex Roles and Anarchist Collectivization in Civil War Spain.” Communal Life: An International Perspective. Ed. Yosef Forni, Yaacov Oved, and Idit Paz. Efal, Israel and New Brunswick, N.J.: Yad Tabenkin and Transaction Books. 591-605.

– – – (1990). “Education, Preparation, and the Spanish Revolution.” The Modern School Movement: Historical and Personal Notes on the Ferrer Schools in Spain. Croton-on-Hudson, NY: Friends of the Modern School. ??-??.

– – – (1991). Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

– – – (2000). “Mujeres Libres: Identity, Community, Sexuality and Power.” Anarchist Studies 8.2: 99-117.

– – – (1993). “Models of Revolution: Rural Women and Anarchist Collectivisation in Civil War Spain.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 20.3: 367-88.

– – – (1984). “Mujeres Libres. Individuality and Community: Organizing Women in the Spanish Civil War.” Radical America 19.4: 7-19.

– – – (1992). “Mujeres Libres: The Preservation of Memory under the Politics of Repression in Spain.” International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories, Vol. I: Memory and Totalitarianism. Ed. Luisa Passserini. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 125-143.

– – – (1997). “Rethinking Anarchism, Rethinking Power: A Contemporary Feminist Perspective.” Reconstructing Political Theory: Feminist Perspectives. Ed. Mary Lyndon Shanley and Uma Narayan. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. 158-177.

– – – (1985). “Revolution and Community: Mobilization, Depoliticization and Perceptions of Change in Civil War Spain.” Women Living Change. Ed. Susan C. Bourque and Donna Robinson Divine. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 85-115.

– – – (1985). “Separate and Equal? Mujeres Libres and Anarchist Strategy for Women’s Emancipation.” Feminist Studies 11.1: 63-83.

– – – (1985). “Sexual Divisions and Anarchist Collectivization in Civil War Spain.” Communal Societies 5: 101-121.

– – – (1986). “Women and the Politics of the Popular Front: Political Mobilization or Social Revolution?” International Labour and Working Class History 30: 1-12.

– – – and Irene Diamond (1987). “Gender and Political Life: New Directions in Political Science.” Analyzing Gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research. Ed. Beth B. Hess and Myra Marx Ferre. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. 504-525.

– – – and Kathryn Pyne Addelson (1987). “Anarchist Alternatives to Competition.” Competition, a Feminist Taboo? Ed. Valerie Miner and Helen E. Longino. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York. 221-233.

– – – , Kathryn Pyne Addelson, and Shawn Pyne (1991). “Anarchism and Feminism.” Impure Thoughts: Essays on Philosophy, Feminism and Ethics. Ed. Kathryn Pyne Addelson. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 159-187.

– – – and Myrna Breitbart (1988). “La revolucion social y la colectivizacion.” Estelas, Laberintos, Nuevas Sendas: Unamuno, Valle Inclan, Garcia Lorca, La Guerra Civil. Ed. Angel Loureiro. Barcelona: Anthropos. 383-396.

– – – and Myrna Breitbart (1987). “Terrains of Protest: Striking City Women.” Our Generation 19.1: 151-175.

Alcalde, Carmen (1976). La mujer en la guerra civil española. Madrid: Editorial Cambio 16.

– – – (1983). Federica Montseny: palabra en rojo y negro. Barcelona: Argos Vergara.

Aldred, Guy (1907). The Religion and Economics of Sex Oppression. London: Bakunin Press.

Andrés Granel, Helena (2006). [WWW] “Mujeres Libres (1936-1939): Una lectura feminista.” Seminario Interdisciplinar de Estudios de la Mujer. Universidad de Zaragoza.

Anonymous (2014). “Das Unsichtbare sichtbar machen: Zur Reproduktion und Reproduktionsarbeit.” Schwarzes Kleeblatt: Das kostenlose Magazin der Anarchosyndikalistischen Jugend Berlin 17: n.p.

  • <– “Making the Invisible Visible: On Reproduction and Reproductive Labor.”

Antignac, A[ntoine]. (1904). “La question féministe.” Le Libertaire (May 14): 2.

Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). Lucy Parsons: American Revolutionary. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1976.

Asunción Gómez, María (2005). “Feminismo y anarquismo: el papel de mujeres libres en la Guerra Civil española.” Literatura y feminismo en España, S. XV-XXI. Ed. Lisa Vollendorf. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial. 267-284

Barrancos, Dora (1996). “Mujeres de Nuestra Tribuna: el difícil oficio de la diferencia.” Mora, Revista del Area Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de la Mujer 2: 273-292.

Bellucci, Mabel (1989). Anarquismo y Feminismo: El Movimiento de Mujeres Anarquistas con sus logros y desafíos hacia principios de siglo. Buenos Aires: ??.

Berneri, Camillo (1970). L’Emancipazione della donna: considerazioni di un anarchico. Pistoia: Edizioni RL.

  • <–Originally published by “Fede”, Roma, 1926.

Brown, L. Susan (1996). “Beyond Feminism: Anarchism and Human Freedom.” Reinventing Anarchy, Again. Ed. Howard J. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, Scotland. 149-155.

Calzetta, Elsa, ed. (2005). Nuestra tribuna: hojita sentir anárquico feminino, 1922-1925. Bahía Blanca: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional del Sur.

  • <–A remarkable anarchist-feminist newspaper of “Ideas, Arte, Crítica y Literatura” from the 1920s reprinted as a large format book, with a substantial introductory essay by the editor.

Capetillo, Luisa (2004). A Nation of Women: An Early Feminist Speaks Out = Mi Opinión Sobre Las Libertades, Derechos Y Deberes De La Mujer. Trans. Félix V. Matos Rodríguez. Houston, TX: Arte Publico Press.

– – – (1992). Amor y anarquía: los escritos de Luisa Capetillo. Ed. Julio Ramos. Río Piedras, P.R.: Ediciones Huracán, 1992.

Chant, Sarah (2016). [WWW] “The Plurality and Quasi-Anarchism of Drag.” Public Seminar.

Chaughi, René [a.k.a. René Gauche] (1910). La femme esclave. Paris: Aux Bureaux des Temps Nouveaux.

Cleminson, Richard (1998). “Anarchism and Feminism.” Women’s History Review 7.1: 135-138.

  • <–A response to Sharif Gemie’s “Anarchism and Feminism: A Historical Survey” (see below).

de Cleyre, Voltairine (2005). Exquisite Rebel: The Essays of Voltairine De Cleyre: Feminist, Anarchist, Genius. Ed. Sharon Presley and Crispin Sartwell. Albany: State University of New York Press.

– – – (1914). Selected Works of Voltairine De Cleyre. Ed. Alexander Berkman and Hippolyte Havel. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association.

– – – (2004). The Voltairine De Cleyre Reader. Ed. A. J. Brigati. Oakland, CA: AK Press.

Crass, Chris (2007). “How Can I Be Sexist? I’m An Anarchist!” Men Speak Out: Views on Gender, Sex and Power. Ed. Shira Tarrant and Jackson Katz. New York: Routledge. ??-??.

Dalotel, Alain (2004). André Léo (1824-1900): la junon de la Commune. Chauvigny: Association des Publications Chauvinoises.

DeLamotte, Eugenia C. (2004). Gates of Freedom: Voltairine De Cleyre and the Revolution of the Mind: With Selections from Her Writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

  • <–Excellent analyses of de Cleyre’s rhetorical and stylistic tactics. Includes not only literary selections found elsewhere but also correspondence.

Domergue, Lucienne (1983). “Le féminisme dans la ‘Revista Blanca’ 1898-1905: La femme vue par les anarchistes.” La femme dans la pensée espagnole: ouvrage collectif. Ed. Equipe de philosophie ibérique et ibéro-américaine. Paris: CNRS. 79-96.

Duchmann, Henri [a.k.a. Henri Duchemin] (1904) “L’erreur féministe.” Le Libertaire (Jan. 30): 2.

  • <–Duchmann makes a long string of attacks on Nelly Roussel in particular and feminism in general in the pages of Le Libertaire, Temps Nouveaux, and other anarchist papers of the 1890s and 1900s. See Elinor Accampo, Blessed Motherhood, Bitter Fruit: Nelly Roussel and the Politics of Female Pain in Third Republic France (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006) pp. 65-67 and 260.

– – – (1904). “L’embarras du choix.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 19): 3.

– – – (1904). “Encore le travail des femmes.” Le Libertaire (Apr. 30): 2.

– – – (1904). “Etudes féministes. Le mariage.” Le Libertaire (June 4): 2.

– – – (1904). “Etudes féministes. Le droit des vierges.” Le Libertaire (June 17): 2.

– – – (1904). “Etudes féministes. L’Indépendance économique.” “Etudes féministes. L’Indépendance économique.” Le Libertaire (June 24): 3.

– – – (1904). “La femme et les élections.” Le Libertaire (Apr. 23): 2.

– – – (1897). “Féminisme.” Les Temps Nouveaux (Dec. 25): 2.

– – – (1897). “Féminisme et Révolution.” Les Temps Nouveaux (Jan. 1): 2.

– – – (1904). “La femme et le féminisme.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 5): 3.

– – – (1904). “Ne touchez pas à la Reine.” Le Libertaire (Apr. 9): ??-??.

– – – (1904). “La politique féministe.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 26): 2.

– – – (1904). “La Réaction féministe.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 12): ??-??.

– – – (1904). ?? Le Libertaire (Feb. 13): ??-??.

– – – (1904). “Logique féministe.” Le Libertaire (Feb. 20): 2.

– – – (1904). “Le travail des femmes.” Le Libertaire (Feb. 27): 3.

Ehrlich, Carol (1996). [WWW] “Socialism, Anarchism, and Feminism.” Reinventing Anarchy, Again. Ed. Howard J. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, Scotland. 169-186.

  • <– Also published as a pamphlet: Socialism, Anarchism and Feminism (London: Black Bear, 1978).

– – – (1981). “The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Can It Be Saved?” Women and Revolution: A Discussion of the Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism. Ed. Lydia Sargent. Boston: South End Press. 109-133.

Ehrlich, Carol, 1975, “The reluctant patriarchs.” WIN 11: 8-11.

  • <– Reprinted as “The Reluctant Patriarchs: A Review of Men and Masculinity,” For Men Against Sexism (Albion, CA: Times Change Press/New Society Publishers, 1977): 141-145.

Ehrlich, Carol (1975). The Conditions of Feminist Research. Research Group One Report No. 21. Baltimore: Research Group One.

– – – (1973). Evolutionism and the Female in Selected American Novels, 1885-1900. Diss., University of Iowa.

– – – (1971). [WWW] “The Male Sociologist’s Burden: The Place of Women in Marriage and Family Texts.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 33.3: 421-430.

– – – and Howard J. Ehrlich (1972). “Bardwick’s Psychology of Women: A New Acquisition for the Archives of Academic Sexism.” Insurgent Sociologist 3.1: 56-57.

Ehrlich, Howard J. (1994). [WWW] “Toward a General Theory of Anarchafeminism.” Social Anarchism 19: ??-??.

Espigado Tocino, M. Gloria (2002). “Las mujeres en el anarquismo español (1869-1939).” Ayer 45: 39-72.

Falk, Candace (1984). Love, Anarchy and Emma Goldman. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Farrow, Lynne (1974). [WWW] ”Feminism As Anarchism”. London: Black Bear.

Febo, Giuliana di (1979). Resistencia y movimiento de mujeres en España 1936-1976. Barcelona: Icaria.

Federn, Etta (1938). Mujeres de las revoluciones. Barcelona: Mujeres Libres.

– – – (1917). Das Bild des Weibes geschaut von Mann und Frau : ein geistiges Kalaidoskop. München: Delphin Verlag.

Ferguson, Kathy E. (1985). Review of Anarchist Women, 1870-1920 by Margaret S. Marsh. Social Anarchism 8/9: 67-68.

– – – (1984) The Feminist Case against Bureaucracy. Philadelphia, Temple University Press.

– – – (2004). “E.G.: Emma Goldman, for Example” in Feminism and the Final Foucault. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

– – – (2011). Emma Goldman: Political Thinking in the Streets. Rowman & Littlefield.

Fredericks, Shirley F. (1976). “Federica Montseny and Spanish Anarchist Feminism.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 1.3: 71-80.

Gabriel, Pere (1979). Escrits politics de Federica Montseny. Barcelona: La Gaya Ciencia.

García-Maroto, María Ángeles (1996). La mujer en la prensa anarquista: España 1900-1936. Madrid: Fundación de Estudios Libertarios Anselmo Lorenzo.

Gemie, Sharif (1996). “Anarchism and Feminism: A Historical Survey.” Women’s History Review 5.3: 417-444.

Godet, H. (1904). “Réponse à Duchmann.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 5): 2.

  • <–See Duchmann (above) and Roussel (below).

Goldman, Emma (1906). “The Tragedy of Woman’s ‘Emancipation.'” Mother Earth 1.1: 9-18.

– – – (1914). Marriage and Love. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association.

– – – (1983). Red Emma Speaks: an Emma Goldman Reader. Ed. Alix Kates Shulman. New York: Schocken Books.

– – – (1917). “The Woman Suffrage Chameleon.” Mother Earth 12.3: 78-81.

– – – (1925). “Women of the Russian Revolution.” Time and Tide 6.??: 452.

– – – (1932). Voltairine De Cleyre. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Oriole Press.

– – – (1970). The Traffic in Women and Other Essays on Feminism. Ed. Alix Kates Shulman. NY: Times Change Press.

González Pérez, Teresa (2004). “Una apuesta por la educación de las mujeres o el discurso alternativo del anarquismo español.” Historia Caribe 9: 113-128.

Grandidier, L[ouis]. (1899). “Sur l’infériorité de la femme.” Le Libertaire (Sept. 17): 1.

Greenway, Judy. (2010). [WWW] “The Gender Politics of Anarchist History: Re/membering Women, Re/minding men.” Presented at Political Studies Association Conference, Edinburgh. (conference paper)

– – – (2008). [WWW] “Desire, delight, regret: discovering Elizabeth Gibson.” Qualitative Research 8: 317-324.

  • <– Uses anarchist methodology to discuss the process of researching a previously unknown relative: poet and feminist Elizabeth Gibson.

– – – (2003). [WWW] “‘Together We will make a New World’: Sexual and Political Utopianism” Presented at Past and Present of Radical Sexual Politics, Socialism and Sexuality seminar, Amsterdam. (conference paper).

  • <– Discusses changing concepts of free love and sexual liberation among anarchists and libertarians in England from the 1880s to the 1970s.

– – – (2002). “No Place For Women? Anti-utopianism and the Utopian Politics of the 1890s”, Geografisker Annaler 84 B, 3-4:31-39. Online: [WWW] http://www.judygreenway.org.uk/noplace/noplace.html ->Discusses women’s fictional and non-fiction accounts of utopian experiments in 1890s England, and how these become stories which reinforce anti-utopian narratives.

– – – (2000). “Impossible Outlaws: Gender, Space and Utopia in ‘Johnny Guitar’”, Altitude, Vol.1 No.2, December 2000: online journal. [WWW] http://thealtitudejournal.org/2002/08/01/impossible-outlaws-gender-space-and-utopia-in-johnny-guitar/

  • <– Joan Crawford meets utopian theory in the outlaw territory of the Temporary Autonomous Zone, in this discussion of the film ‘Johnny Guitar’.

– – – (1997). “Twenty-first Century Sex”, in Twenty-first Century Anarchism: Unorthodox Ideas for a New Millennium, edited by Jon Purkis and James Bowen, Cassell: London, pp.170-180. Online: [WWW] http://www.judygreenway.org.uk/21stcenturysex/21stcenturysex.html

  • <– Do new technologies and new theories of sex, gender, and the body pose a real challenge to existing power relationships?

– – – (1993). [WWW] “Sex, Politics and Housework.” Diggers and Dreamers 94/95: The Guide to Communal Living. Ed. Chris Coates, Jonathan How, Lee Jones, William Morris, and Andy Wood. Communes Network: Winslow, Buckinghamshire. 39-45.

  • <– Problems and tensions between men and women in utopian communities are nothing new, especially when it comes to sharing the housework.

– – – (1975). [WWW] “Questioning Our Desires.” Wildcat 6: 5.

  • <– Discussing sexuality in the early days of the Women’s Liberation Movement.]

Guilbert, Madeleine (1966). Les Femmes et l’organisation syndicale avant 1914, présentation et commentaires de documents pour une étude du syndicalisme féminin. Paris: Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Greene, Patricia V. (1996). “Memoria y militancia: Federica Montseny.” Duoda: Reviste d’Estudis Feministes/Revista de Estudios Feministas 10: 59-71.

– – – (1997). “Chronicle of an Anarchist-Feminist Genealogy: Federica Montseny’s Mis primeros cuarenta años.” Letras Peninsulares 10.2: 333-54.

– – – (1998). “Testimonio visual: iconografía femenina en los carteles de la guerra civil española.” Letras Peninsulares 11.1: 121-43.

– – – (1999). “Utopías y utopistas en la España finisecular.” Revista de Estudios Hispánicos 33.2: 325-36.

Guzzo, Cristina (2004). “Luisa Capetillo y Salvadora Medina Onrubia de Botana: dos iconos anarquistas. Una comparación.” Alpha: revista de artes, letras y filosofía 20: 165-180.

Halberstam, Jack (2015). “Charming for the Revolution: Pussy and Other Riots.” The Routledge Companion to Art and Politics. Ed. Randy Martin. New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 184-93.

  • <– “In a new book on The Wild I turn to anarchist thought to elaborate a queer politics for this particular moment of crisis and renewal. As many thinkers have proposed recently, a turn to anarchy makes sense at this time precisely because people’s faith in the state and in a politics of inclusion and assimilation is wearing thin, particularly in leftist circles; and, anti-hegemonic, antistate and anti-assimilationist positions have been rendered thinkable by Occupy movements and other global expressions of radical dissent. My recent book, Gaga Feminism (Halberstam 2012), in that it both calls for and describes an end to ‘the normal,’ or that form of state power that manages people by disciplining them in relation to a fantasized norm, could be called anarchist. And my book on failure, in that it breaks with the all or nothing logics of success driven by capitalism, could be characterized as anarchist critique. In this new project, I seek to make explicit the stakes of a queer investment in anarchy that both reaches back to punk movements from the 1970s for inspiration but also seeks other traditions of anarchy globally.”

– – – (2012). Gaga Feminism: Sex, Gender, and the End of Normal. Boston: Beacon Press.

  • <– An excerpt: “The Invisible Committee, unlike other anarchist projects, does not just imagine a world free of state power, it follows the thread of that concept through other organizational units that stand in for the state. And so, queer anarchism would extend the critique of institutions to the family. While many anarchist thinkers — people like Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman and Guy Debord — believed in free love or polyamory, and while some (Goldman was one) issued stinging critiques of marriage, most have paid less attention to sex, love, and the family and more to economic exchange, questions of violence and revolution. But, as the Invisible Committee makes very clear, there can be no viable concept of revolt today that does not link the personal and political, the private and the public, the particular and the general. There can be no sidelining of feminism, queer politics, questions of intimacy and kinship.”

– – – (2011). “Introduction: Low Theory.” The Queer Art of Failure. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 27-52.

  • <– “Through the use of manifestoes, a range of political tactics, and new technologies of representation, radical utopians continue to search for different ways of being in the world and being in relation to one another than those already prescribed for the liberal and consumer subject. This book uses ‘low theory’ (a term I am adapting from Stuart Hall’s work) and popular knowledge to explore alternatives and to look for a way out of the usual traps and impasses of binary formulations. Low theory tries to locate all the in-between spaces that save us from being snared by the hooks of hegemony and speared by the seductions of the gift shop” (2). In a subsequent note, Halberstam writes: “David Graeber also discusses ‘low theory’ in his book on anarchism. He writes: ‘Even more than High Theory, what anarchism needs is what might be called Low Theory: a way of grappling with those real, immediate questions that emerge from a transformative project.’ I think Graeber and I are thinking along the same lines here” (189n3).

– – – and Tavia Nyong’o (2018). [WWW] “Introduction: Theory in the Wild.” South Atlantic Quarterly 117.3: 453-464.

  • <– “Wild theory subscribes to an understanding of the political that is not coextensive with our fucked-up political present, but nor does it appeal to an idealized anarchism of the past. Anarchist politics today, which we find to be a clustering of all kinds of social justice positions (some great, some not so much), few of which reduce down to individualism or sociopathic libertarianism, are not the anarchist politics of the early twentieth century. While anarchy lingers in the practices of Hartman’s ‘wayward’ black girls and underpins the agitation in Chen’s unruly bodies, it names now a set of practices and refusals that make up contemporary anticapitalism and indicate a new or at least different paradigm of the political… Let ‘anarchism’ hold a space, for now, for a critique of the governmental forms that developed in the nineteenth century as new techniques of rule but that now, like so many nineteenth-century systems of thought, order, and rule, have become the scaffolding for neoliberal forms of tyranny. A more erudite and informed wild theory to come might revisit and expound further on the wild as a concept as it was important to nineteenth-century

anarchist thinkers, from Henry David Thoreau to Pyotr Kropotkin. This would be done not simply to name some mythic time and space before capitalism but rather to reference a space that opens up between the developed world and that which exceeds its reach. For Thoreau, that space was to be found in the wooded regions beyond urban sociality. As for Kropotkin, in his writings from the first two decades of the twentieth century, wildness offers an opportunity to think outside of capitalist logics of competition and deadly combat. His notion of ‘cooperation’ identifies forms of mutual aid as far more representative of most species’ struggles to survive and as a model for human sociality. Wildness as a concept in these anarchist writings refers not to the colonial fantasy of untouched and unoccupied space but rather to a sensibility, an anticolonial mode of thinking, and a poetics of power. In this context, we can understand the wild as a space rendered uninhabitable by modernity but crammed with interesting life-forms of its own.”

Heathcott, Joseph (1997). Review of Stopping Rape: A Challenge for Men by Rus Ervin Funk. Social Anarchism 23: 51-57.

Hutchison, Elizabeth Q[uay]. (2001). “From ‘La Mujer Esclava’ to ‘La Mujer Limon’: Anarchism and the Politics of Sexuality in Early-Twentieth-Century Chile.” Hispanic American Historical Review 81.3-4: 519-553.

  • <– Abstract: “Analysis of the inversion of the anarchist feminine rhetoric in the 1920s. After a great hope in women’s immediate emancipation the movement turned toward criticizing women for their passivity and the declining participation of males in anarchist groups. Focusing on themes such as women, victimizaton and revolution, the author examines the influence of anarchist feminist periodicals in reshaping the Left’s discourse. However, international and domestic factors combined in the postwar period to fragment their organization and dampen their enthusiasm.”

Kaplan, Temma E. (1977). Anarchists of Andalusia, 1868-1903. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  • <–Interesting observations about gender in the anarchist counterculture of the 19th century.

– – – (1977). “Other Scenarios: Women and Spanish Anarchism.” Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Ed. Renate Bridenthal and Claudia Koonz. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. 402-421.

– – – (1971). “Spanish Anarchism and Women’s Liberation.” Journal of Contemporary History 6.2: 101-110.

Kornegger, Peggy (1996). [WWW] “Anarchism: The Feminist Connection.” Reinventing Anarchy, Again. Ed. Howard J. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, Scotland. 156-168.

Kröger, Marianne (1997). “Von Berlin ins Exil nach Barcelona: Etta Federn (1883-1951) und die anarchosyndikalistische Frauenbewegung in Deutschland und Spanien zwischen 1920 und 1938.” Ariadne 32: 44-50.

Lagalisse, Erica Michelle (2011). “’Marginalizing Magdalena’: Intersections of Gender and the Secular in Anarchoindigenist Solidarity Activism.” Signs 36(3):653-678.

– – – (2010). “The Limits of ‘Radical Democracy’: A Gender Analysis of ‘Anarchist’ Activist Collectives in Montréal.” Altérités 7.1: 19-38.

Laurin-Frenette, Nicole (1982). “On the Women’s Movement, Anarchism and the State.” Our Generation 15:2: 27-39.

Leeder, Elaine J. (1980). “Feminism as Anarchist Process.” Social Anarchism 1: 49-54.

– – – (1993). The Gentle General Rose Pesotta, Anarchist and Labor Organizer. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

– – – (1996). “Let Our Mothers Show the Way.” Reinventing Anarchy, Again. Ed. Howard J. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, Scotland. 142-148.

– – – (1992). “The Making of an Anarchist Feminist.” Social Anarchism 17: 23-26.

– – – (1994). Review of Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emacipation of Women by Martha A. Ackelsberg. Social Anarchism 19: 70-74.

– – – (1985). “Rose Pesotta: the Gentle Warrior.” Social Anarchism 8/9: 36-43.

– – – , and David Koven (1986). “Rose Pesotta — An Exchange.” Social Anarchism 11: 76-78.

Leite, Miriam Lifchitz (1984). A Outra Face do Feminismo: Maria Lacerda Moura. São Paulo: Ática.

Léo, André [Victoire Léodile Béra] (1990). La Femme et les Mœurs. Tusson: Le Lérot Editeur.

– – – (2005). Écrits politiques. Paris: Dittmar.

Leighton, Marian (1990). “Anarcho-Feminism and Louise Michel.” Our Generation 21.2: 22-29.

Marestan, Jean (1934). “Féminisme.” Encyclopédie anarchsite. Ed. Sébastien Faure. Paris: Librairie internationale. 804-805.

Marsh, Margaret S. (1978) “The Anarchist-Feminist Response to the ‘Woman Question’ in Late Nineteenth-Century America.” American Quarterly 30.4: 533-47.

– – – (1981). Anarchist Women, 1870-1920. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Merithew, Caroline Waldron (2002). “Anarchist Motherhood: Toward the Making of a Revolutionary Proletariat in Illinois Coal Towns.” Women, Gender, and Transnational Lives: Italian Workers of the World. Ed. Donna R. Gabaccia and Franca Iacovetta. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 229-246.

  • <–Rather amazing account of Italian anarchist workers’ communities in northern Illinois circa 1900 — and the women’s organized revolt against the sexism and complacency of their male comrades.

Meyerding, Jane (1994). “Life as She is Lived: A Meditation on Gender, Power, and Change.” Social Anarchism 19: 5-27.

Molyneux, Maxine (1997). “Ni Dios, ni Patrón, Ni Marido!: Feminismo anarquista en la Argentina del siglo XIX.” La Voz de la Mujer: Periódico comunista-anárquico, 1896-1897. Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. 11-40.

  • <–Reprinted in Maxine Molyneux and Jaqueline Cruz, Movimientos de mujeres en América Latina: estudio teórico comparado (Madrid: Cátedra, 2003): 25-60.

– – – (1986). “No God, No Boss, No Husband: Anarchist Feminism in Nineteenth-Century Argentina.” Latin American Perspectives 13.1: 119-145.

Montseny, Federica (1951). El problema de los sexos. Toulouse: Universo.

– – – (1927). “La mujer, problema del hombre.” La Revista Blanca 2.89: ??-??.

Moody, Thomas E. (1990). “Anarchism and Feminism.” Journal of Social Philosophy 21.2-3:160-173.

Moura, Maria Lacerda de (1932). “A Mulher e uma degenerada”. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.

– – – (1933). Serviço militar obrigatorio para a mulher? Recuso-me! Denuncio! São Paulo: A Sementeira.

Mümken, Jürgen (2001). [WWW] “Gender trouble im Anarchismus und Anarchafeminismus.”

Muñez Orgaz, Adela (1987). “Evolución del trabajo femenino en el anarquismo (1870-1900).” El trabajo de las mujeres, siglos XVI-XX. Ed. María Jesús Vara and Virginia Maquieira D’Angelo. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Seminario de Estudios de la Mujer. 275-288.

Moya, José (2002). “Italians in Buenos Aires’ Anarchist Movement: Gender, Ideology and Women’s Participation, 1890-1910.” Women, Gender and Transnational Lives: Italian Workers of the World. Ed. D. Gabaccia and F. Iacovetta. Toronto: University of Toronto.

N., Marti (1978). “Le féminisme en question.” La lanterne noire 11: ??-??.

Nash, Mary, ed. (1975). Mujeres Libres. Barcelona: Tusquets Editores.

  • <–Anthology of writings published in the journal of the Mujeres Libres.

– – – (1975). “Dos intelectuales anarquistas frente al problema de la mujer: Federica Montseny y Lucía Sánchez Saornil.” Convivium 44-5: 71-99.

– – – (1995). Defying Male Civilization. Denver: Arden Press.

Nicholas, Lucy (2007). “Approaches to Gender, Power and Authority in Contemporary Anarcho-punk: Poststructuralist Anarchism?” eSharp 9. [WWW] www

  • <–This paper is concerned with the gender politics of the contemporary international anarchist punk scene which seemingly extends the punk ‘DIY’ ethic to gender. This extension results in politics that seek to deconstruct gender as a site of authority and reconstruct it in autonomous non-hierarchical terms. Contemporary anarcho-punk and hardcore politics often engage with gender politics in a way that demonstrates congruence between understandings of power and authority in poststructuralist accounts of gender and the anti-authoritarian or autonomous politics of this anarchism. The congruence is reflected in the domains considered to be ‘political’, in the way the term ‘power’ is understood, as well as in the modes of political action and ‘resistance’ considered effective. I suggest that DIY anarcho-punk shares with poststructuralism a productive notion of power, specifically in terms of gender, that resonates with the Butlerian notion of gender as a process or performative. Further, I explain that intervention is undertaken at discursive levels, resonating with poststructuralist assertions of the discursive productivity of power.

Noja Ruiz, Higinio (1915). Algo sobre el feminismo. Sevilla: ??.

“Nosotras.” (1987) Suplemento. Centro de Estudios y Trabajo de la Mujer (CETM), Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Occhipinti, Maria. Una donna libera. Ed. Gianni Grassi. Palermo: Sellerio editore, 2004.

Parsons, Lucy E. (2004). Freedom, Equality & Solidarity: Writings & Speeches, 1878-1937. Ed. Gale Ahrens. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr.

Pelletier, Madeleine (1934). [WWW] “Féminisme.” Encyclopédie anarchsite. Ed. Sébastien Faure. Paris: Librairie internationale. 804-805.

Pesotta, Rose (1987). Bread Upon the Waters. Ed. John Nicholas Beffel. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Pinkow, Linda C. (1989). Review of Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center by Bell Hooks. Social Anarchism 14: 76-78.

Pons, Agustí (1977). Converses amb Federica Montseny. Barcelona: Editorial Laia.

Raddeker, Hélène Bowen (2001). “Anarcho-Feminist Discourse in Prewar Japan: Itô Noe’s Autobiographical Social Criticism.” Anarchist Studies 9.2: 97-125.

  • <–Abstract: “The paper looks at works written by Ito Noe (1895-1923), concentrating particularly on those published late in her life. In it I argue that individualistic or egoistic anarchism informed her construction of her Self in these essays about love, marriage and the family; conditioned her ultimate feminist standpoint; and also contributed to the form in which she wrote. Her gender, her feminism and her radical individualism, I contend, converged to render it well-nigh inevitable that the style in which she wrote social criticism would be intimately personal (-political) or autobiographical. The paper begins with a brief account of the early twentieth-century anarchist and feminist movements. I then set the scene for a discussion of Ito’s egoism by commenting on Japanese state policies toward women from the late nineteenth-century and on the hegemonic ideal of the ‘good wife, wise mother.’ After offering a reading of Ito’s egoistic feminist resistance to this, particularly in narratives or essays focused on her ‘free love’ partnership, I end with some reflections on the relation to the liberal-humanist genre of autobiography of her ‘out-law’ autobiographical style.”

– – – (2002). [WWW] “Resistance to Difference: Sexual Equality and its Law-ful and Out-law (Anarchist) Advocates in Imperial Japan.” Intersections 7.

– – – (1997). Treacherous Women of Imperial Japan: Patriarchal Fictions, Patricidal Fantasies. London and New York: Routledge.

  • <–Focus on anarchist-feminists Kanno Suga and Kaneko Fumiko.

Robson, Ruthann (1985). Review of Love, Anarchy, and Emma Goldman by Candace Falk. Social Anarchism 10 : 54-56.

– – – (1985). Review of Pure Lust by Mary Daly. Social Anarchism 8/9: 69-71.

Rodrigo, Antonina (2002). Amparo Poch y Gascón. Textos de una médica libertaria. Zaragoza: Alcaraván.

– – – (2002). Una mujer libre: Amparo Poch y Gascón: médica anarquista. Barcelona: Flor del Viento Ediciones.

Roussel, Nelly (1904) “Dernière résponse.” Le Libertaire (Mar. 19): 3.

  • <–Second exchange with Henri Duchemin.

– – – (1904). [WWW] “Féminisme.” Le Libertaire (Feb. 13): 2.

  • <–Addressed to Henri Duchemin (a.k.a. Henri Duchmann).

Russell, Dora (1965). “The Eclipse of Woman.” Anarchy 56: 289-302.

Sanchez Saornil, Lucia (2005). [WWW] “The Question of Feminism.” Trans. Paul Sharkey. Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas. Vol. 1, From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE to 1939). Ed. Robert Graham. Montréal: Black Rose Books. 460-465.

  • <–Originally published 1935.

Shantz, J. (2004). “A Marriage of Convenience: Anarchism, Marriage and Borders.” Feminism & Psychology 14.1: 181-186.

– – – (2002). “Judi Bari and ‘The Feminization of Earth First!’: The Convergence of Class, Gender and Radical Environmentalism.” Feminist Review 70.1: 105-122.

Sobstyl, Edrie (1999). “All the Sisters of Shora: An Anarcha/Ecofeminist Reading of Slonczewski’s ‘A Door Into Ocean.'” Anarchist Studies 7.2: 127-154.

Unwin, Harriet (1965). “The Best of Both Worlds.” Anarchy 56: 302-310.

Valle Ferrer, Norma (2004). “Anarquismo y feminismo. La ideología de cuatro mujeres latinoamericanas de principios del siglo XX.” Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña 9: ??-??.

– – – (2006). Luisa Capetillo, pioneer Puerto Rican feminist. New York: Peter Lang.

Vernet, Madeleine (1919). “La Masculinisation de la femme.” La Mère éducatrice 2.7: 50-52.

– – – (1924). “La Politique et les femmes.” La Mère éducatrice 7.5-6: 53-56.

– – – (1905). “Sur la question de la domesticité [I].” Le Libertaire (Dec. 3): 2.

– – – (1905). “Sur la question de la domesticité [II].” Le Libertaire (Dec. 10): 3.

– – – (1908). [WWW] “Une question à Mme Madeleine Pelletier.” Le Libertaire (July 26): ??.

Vicente Villanueva, Laura (2005). “Teresa Claramunt (1862-1931): propagadora de la causa de los oprimidos.” Historia social 53: 31-46.

Weiss, Penny and Kensinger, Loretta (eds) (2007) Feminist Interpretations of Emma Goldman Pen State University Press.

Wright, Colin (1994). “Anarchism, Feminism and the Individual.” Social Anarchism 19: ??-??.

Special issues

(2016). Perspectives on Anarchist Theory 29: “Anarcha-Feminisms”

(2017). [ De AS 199: “Anarca!”]

  • Rymke Wiersma – ANARCA!Maartje van de Mortel -ANARCHAFEMINISMEWeia Reinboud – ANARKA

    Marius de Geus – MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT: De powergirl van het feminisme

    Sietkse Roorda – DE SCHONE SLAAPSTER EN DE KLOK: Hoe anarchafeministisch zijn online feministische platforms?

    Thom Holterman – OLYMPE DE GOUGES (1748-1793): Moeder van het feminisme

    Nina Nijsten – DIY MEDIA: ZINES EN ANARCHAFEMINISME

    Arie Hazekamp – DE ONHOUDBAARHEID VAN PROSTITUTIE

    Mirna Wabi-Sabi – WIT PRIVILEGE IN NEDERLANDS ANARCHISME

    Thom Holterman – FEMINISME EN ANTIMILITARISME: Tegen het patriarchaat

    Johanna Pas – EEN GOED WIJNJAAR (Gedicht)

    Kristel Cuvelier – JINEOLOGIE: Ontmoeting met het Koerdische feminisme

    Agnes van ‘t Fort – SJAKOO’S BOEKENTIPS

    Valery Oisteanu – DE ONSTERFELIJKE ANARCHISTE (Gedicht)

    Boudewijn Chorus, Jos van Dijk & Kees Kalkman – CHELSEA MANNINGS VRIJLATING

    Martin Smit – MISLEIDEND ARTIKEL OVER ALEXANDER COHEN

    Igor Cornelissen – HERMAN GORTER (1864-1927)

    Thom Holterman – VROUWEN EN STRIJD

(1989). [WWW] ”De AS” 85: “Anarcha-feminisme”

  • Marsha Hewitt – EMMA GOLDMAN: EEN PLEIDOOI VOOR ANARCHA-FEMINISMEMarli Huijer – DE ROLLEN OMGEKEERD. ANARCHA-FEMINISME VERSUS CONSTRUCTIEDENKEN BINNEN VROUWENSTUDIESGeurt van Gisteren – VROUWEN EN ANARCHISME IN DE FRANSE REVOLUTIE

    Helène Vollaard – KATRIEN BOLL ‘IN DE VOOROORLOGSE ANARCHISTISCHE BEWEGING DEDEN DE VROUWEN DE WAS EN DE STRIJK’

    Ariane Gramac – ANARCHA-FEMIMSME EN DE GEMEEN-SCHAPSKEUKEN VAN KROPOTKIN

    Rudolf de Jong – VROUWEN IN DE ANARCHISTISCHE BEWEGING

    Marli Huijer – VERJAARDAG

    Cees Bronsveld – BLADEREN 9

    Hans Ramaer e.a. – BOEKBESPREKINGEN

(1973). [WWW] ”De AS” 4: “Vrouwenbevrijding” [Women’s Liberation]

  • “Vrouwenbevrijding: strijd tegen en met de man” [Women’s Liberation: Struggling Against and With Man] 4-18Anton Constandse, “Mulisch over Reich” [Harry Mulisch on Wilhelm Reich] 19-22Anja Meulenbelt, “Vrouwenbevrijding” [Women’s Liberation] 23-31

    Boudewijn Chorus, “Praktiese aantekeningen voor een feministiese strategie” [Practical Notes for a Feminist Strategy] 32-39

    Hans Ramaer, “Vrouwenbeweging en socialisme” [The Women’s Movement and Socialism] 40-46